Science

Rare photographs document the work that saw John F. Kennedy's dream of making it to the moon come true.

It was September 12, 1962, when Pres. John F.Kennedy delivered a speech at Rice University before nearly 50,000 people. By that time, America had launched but four men into space—the suborbital flights of Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom and the nearly identical three-orbit journeys of John Glenn and Scott Carpenter.Buoyed by the success of those missions and cognizant of the danger that lay ahead, the president rearticulated his vision and reissued his challenge to reach the moon before 1970.We choose to go to the moon, in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.* Because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills.* The assassination of President Kennedy, in the words of flight director Gene Kranz, turned his vision into a quest to do it and do it in the time frame he allotted. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong stepped off the ladder of the lunar module known as Eagle, taking one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.

The opening of the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden sounds like a goofy family comedy, but it quickly became one of the most popular attractions in Ohio.

Opening day, September 18, 1875, was overcast and chilly, a shaky start for the second zoological garden in the United States. Exhibits were unfinished, and animals remained crated. The polar bear had not arrived, and the collection on display included a feeble tiger, a blind hyena, an elephant rescued from a bankrupt circus, a talking crow, eight small monkeys, and 400 birds. Despite the rough start, the venture by bird-lover Andrew Erkenbrecher and friends blossomed into a top-tier zoo inspiring a passion for nature-a champion of endangered species with its own college-preparatory high school and an unrivaled commitment to education, research, and innovative breeding programs. It has survived Damocles' sword of economic cuts as stubborn Cincinnatians came to its rescue time after time, charmed by the animals and events found here: chimps Mr. and Mrs. Rooney, Susie the Gorilla who took tea and smoked Chesterfields, Rodney the boxing kangaroo, Martha the last passenger pigeon on earth, outdoor operas, and dancing under the stars.

Go inside the aeronautical history of the Langley Research Center from its beginning.

Following the creation of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in 1915, a unique flight research operations division was established at the nation's first civilian aeronautics research laboratory, the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory. Langley flight research personnel helped the nation's aircraft industry bloom during the Golden Era of aviation throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Langley's flight research then helped win World War II with performance-enhancing modifications to new aircraft. During the Cold War, Langley helped the country maintain an edge in aeronautics over its Warsaw Pact rivals.

When the space race began, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created in 1958 and Langley's pilots were instrumental in training astronauts. In addition to advancing rotorcraft during the 1960s and 1970s, Langley research pioneered a multitude of military and civil Vertical Short Takeoff and Landing (V/STOL) concepts. During the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Langley research developed advancements in general and commercial aviation technologies.

Join author and Huntsville native T. Gary Wicks as he uncovers the beginnings and inventions that influenced air and space engineering in Alabama and America.

The air age in Huntsville began more than a century ago with Will Quick's design and construction of a flying machine, which he demonstrated in 1908 for patenting and manufacture. The space age began in Huntsville a half century later with the advent of Wernher Von Braun's Redstone Jupiter C rocket, which launched America's first satellite, Explorer 1, into orbit in 1958. A decade later, Huntsville was at the epicenter of the greatest technological achievement of the 20th century as the Saturn V rocket propelled humankind to the moon. Nowhere in the world is the century's rapid advance of air and space technology more apparent than in Huntsville. This unique evolution of flying machines and space vehicles unfolds in this pictorial documentary, including the dramatic growth of the research facilities and community infrastructure that produced these remarkable inventions.

The Cleveland Public School's tract garden program was one of the most successful and innovative programs of the school system.

The organization and beauty of the gardens attracted horticulture educators from all over the United States, South America, and as far away as Japan. From its humble beginnings in 1904 as a project to beautify vacant lots in Cleveland, it grew into an educational tool that taught thousands of children the respect for nature and its bounty. At the tract gardens' height, the amount of land under cultivation in the middle of the Cleveland urban landscape approached 100 acres. By 1970, there were 27 horticultural centers servicing all Cleveland schools. Centers were located next to schools, in housing estates, at fairgrounds, at a home for the aged, and on museum property. A few of the centers are now neighborhood gardens. The photographs in Cleveland School Gardens show that the Cleveland Public Schools knew the importance of being green 100 years before it was politically fashionable.

Tour the zoos and aquarium that came to be featured favorites in New York tourism and recreation.

Situated within the five boroughs of New York City are five zoos and one aquarium. New York City Zoos and Aquarium chronicles the establishment of the Central Park Zoo, the Bronx Zoo, the Prospect Park Zoo, the Queens Zoo, the Staten Island Zoo, and the New York Aquarium. Popular children's zoos are also featured. The city's first zoo opened in Central Park in the 1850s, while the newest zoo opened in Queens after the 1964 World's Fair. While each one of these facilities has many similarities, they all have their own unique attributes. All of the facilities are focused on education, conservation, and the care of the animals that now reside in natural habitats.

Through a side by side comparison of historic and modern photographs, Ryan Lee Price illustrates the evolution of Glendora from a quaint town known for its abundant citrus groves to the beloved suburban community it is today, affectionately called "The Pride of the Foothills'? by locals.

From its early beginning in the 1860s, the city of La Habra has grown from a steadfast commitment to community, service, and forward progress while honoring the town’s bountiful past.

The quiet agricultural community of La Habra emerged with modest beginnings. The cultivation of produce such as avocados, walnuts, and citrus put La Habra on the map, while the expansion of the railroad and oil industries helped connect the city to a greater Southern California region that was experiencing a wider development boom. This led to the incorporation of the city on January 20, 1925. Yet the city’s greatest resource has always been its friendly and passionate residents, whose dedication can be seen through the endurance of beloved community events such as the renowned annual Corn Festival and Tamale Festival; iconic local, family-owned and -operated businesses; service and social clubs; churches; and so many more fruitful contributions that make La Habra a caring community.

To honor the centennial celebration of the incorporation of La Habra, Lauren Blazey, Kimberly Albarian, and the La Habra Centennial Celebration Committee diligently gathered a collection of captivating photographs that chronicle its abundant past. By embarking on this visual journey through time, we have the privilege to witness the transformation of our city and get a rare glimpse into the lives of those who built it.

Signs posted on the main roads leading into Hollis tell those who pass that they are entering an agricultural community, where pride in the beauty and peacefulness that farming brings to the town makes Hollis a special place.

In this photographic history, hundreds of vintage images of people, landscapes, buildings, and more offer a kaleidoscopic view into the past. The rural way of life, religious matters, sacrifices in times of war, and quiet country living are illustrated through insightful and compelling captions. Although the number of farms has drastically decreased over time, the Hollis area continues to contain thousands of acres of land under cultivation with a diversity of crops. Prosperous farmers of earlier centuries donated land to the town, sparking a tradition of conservation to preserve and protect natural resources such as waterways, forests, and animal corridors. Throughout the year, visitors come so they may enjoy all that farming has to offer or for recreation in Hollis’s forests or on the numerous ponds and waterways.

The Hollis Historical Society was formed in 1958 to preserve and honor the area’s past and connect residents with the history and heritage of the town. The society maintains two museums and their collections—the Always Ready Engine House and the Ruth Wheeler House, both located in the historic district of town. Hollis Historical Society members maintain genealogical databases and catalogs and preserve information and historic objects that are available to assist residents in research.

Lima beans have been a part of the central and southern landscape of California for over 150 years. Farmers realized the coast offered fertile soil and the natural moisture of coastal fog, and only a minimal workforce was needed until harvesting. 

Robert McAllister’s chance encounter with a ship from Lima, Peru, off the coast of Carpinteria led to a small quantity of beans being planted, and they prospered. By the 1880s, the beans were introduced in Ventura County, and Orange County followed. San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and San Diego all tried their hand at the dry farming crop, as did the farmers in Lompoc, Santa Maria, and Monterey County. California became the largest lima bean producer in the world. While other crops and city encroachment have replaced the vast acreage of lima beans, parts of the Oxnard Plain, Lompoc, Monterey, Costa Mesa, and other scattered fields continue the tradition.

Jeffrey Wayne Maulhardt is a fifth-generation descendant of two lima bean–farming families, the Maulhardts and Borchards. He has written 17 local history books, including his last book, Ventura County Lima Beans: A History. To expand on the central and southern sections of California, Maulhardt traveled the state to showcase the photographic history of the lima bean.